This glossary provides a consolidated and comprehensive account of terms and acronyms that are used regularly in biotechnology sensu lato and in the very broad area, now called modern biotechnology, with all the associated problems of usage of originally discrete technical terms in a general context by scientific community that does not often discriminate, or legal context that requires exact definitions. It is an attempt to present a modern list of terms currently in use in biotechnology and related fields. It is intended to provide a convenient reference source for teachers, researchers, students, technicians and even the laymen. The terms included in the glossary have been selected by inspection of books, dictionaries, journals, the Internet and abstracts dealing entirely or in part with biotechnology and associated fields. Appendices include the terms and acronyms related to bioinformatics and computational biology.